Carrier Port to Port

Refer previously article regarding Bill of Lading, below are various kinds of Bill of Lading in the international transportation export and import:

* Combined Transport / Multimodal B/L
A B/L covering transport by shipping container from an inland place prior to the loading port, to an inland place beyond the destination port. Most freight forwarders and shipping companies title their B/Ls as “Bill of Lading for Combined Transport or Port-to-Port shipment” or similar.

* Congen B/L
A standard form of bill of lading used in shipments by chartered ship.

* Clean B/L
A bill of lading indicating that the goods were received by the carrier in good order and condition, without any clauses declaring a defective condition in the goods and/or their packing.

* Dirty/Foul/ Claused B/L
A bill of lading with any clauses declaring a defective condition in the goods and/or their packing. Almost invariably not acceptable to banks for presentation under L/Cs and almost always not acceptable to the buyer. (See also Clean Bill of Lading).

* House B/L
A bill of lading issued by a freight forwarder acting as a carrier. The terms and conditions of the contract may well be different to the terms and conditions contained on the shipping company’s B/L, which can in extraordinary circumstances lead to legal complications should a dispute arise.

* Master B/L
The term used for the B/L issued by a shipping company to a freight forwarder for all of the goods covered by one or more House B/Ls on the one ship going from one loading port to one destination port.

* Ocean B/L
A B/L covering port-to-port shipment. Typically banks continue to use this term on L/Cs even though the majority of international shipments are containerised (See also Multimodal B/L).

* On Board/ Shipped On Board B/L
A B/L evidencing that the goods were not only received by the carrier but were actually loaded on board in good order and condition. “Shipped” indicates that not only were the goods on board, but that the ship has departed the port.

* Order B/L
A negotiable B/L, in which the goods are consigned “to order of” a particular party, often the shipper in which case the consignee is mostly shown simply as “to order”.

* Straight B/L
A non-negotiable B/L in which the goods are consigned directly to a named consignee.

Note:
Air Waybill (AWB)
The document which covers transport by air. It is issued by the carrier, whether an airline or a freight forwarder, as a non-negotiable document serving as a receipt to the consignor for the goods, and containing the conditions of transport. It also shows the details of the consignee so that they can be contacted on arrival of the goods.

• HAWB
  House AWB issued by a freight forwarder acting as a carrier.
• MAWB
  The term used for the AWB issued on airline’s stationery to a freight forwarder for all of the goods covered by one or more House AWBs on the one flight going from one loading airport to one destination airport.

Bill of Lading (BL) where a ship is not chartered wholly to one person, but the owners offer her generally to carry the goods of any Merchants who may choose to employ her, or where , if chartered to one merchants, he offers her to several sub-freighters for the conveyance of their goods, she is called a general ship. In this cases the contract entered into by and with the owners, or the Master on their behalf, is evidenced by the Bill of Lading (BL) as a contract between supplier and a carrier, it shows the party that may receive the cargo.

Bill of lading (B/L) is a type of document  issued by a carrier as transportation company, or its agent to the shipper  as a contract of carriage of goods and acknowledging that specified goods have been received on board as cargo for conveyance to a named place for delivery to the consignee  who is usually identified. A bill of lading indicates the particular vessel on which the goods have been placed, their intended destination, and the terms for transporting the shipment to its final destination. A through bill of lading involves the use of at least two different modes of transport from road, rail, air, and sea. The term derives from the verb “to lade” which means to load a cargo onto a ship or other form of transportation. Inland, ocean, through, and air waybill are the names given to bills of lading.

Bill of lading is also a receipt  for cargo  accepted for transportation, and must be presented for taking delivery  at the destination. A Bill of Lading specifies the name of Among other items  of information, a B/L contains (1) consignor’s  and consignee’s  name, (2) names  of the ports of departure and destination, (3) name of the vessel, (4) dates of departure and arrival, (5) itemized list of goods being transported with number of packages  and kind of packaging, (6) marks  and numbers on the packages, (7) weight  and/or volume  of the cargo, (8) freight  rate and amount. It serves  as a proof  of ownership  (title) of the cargo, and may be issued either in a negotiable  or non-negotiable  form. In negotiable form, it is commonly used in letter of credit transactions, and may be bought, sold, or traded; or used as security  for borrowing  money. A B/L is required  in all claims  for compensation for any damage, delay, or loss; and for the resolution  of disputes regarding  ownership of the cargo. The rights, responsibilities, and liabilities  of the carrier and  the shipper under a B/L (often printed on its back) are governed generally either by the older Hague rules, or by the more recent Hague-Visby rules.

This document covers the domestic and international transportation of export merchandise. It provides the details of the agreed upon transportation between specific locations for a set monetary amount.

The Bill of Lading should be send by supplier/Shipper to consignee/receiver for arrange to delivery the goods once arrive at destination except hv surrender at loading port or any dealing term.

Definitions
“Master/Carrier” means the Transport Operator who issues this Bill of Lading (BL) and is named on the face of it and assumes liability for the performace of the transport contract as a carrier.
“Merchant” means and includes the Shipper, the Consignor, the Consignee, the Holder of this BL, the Receiver and the Owner of the Goods.
“Consignor” means the person who concludes the mulimodal transport contract with the Carrier.
“Consignee” means the person entitled to receive the goods from the carrier.
“MBL (Master Bill of Lading)” means document contract issued and signed by Master of carrier transport (owner of carrier transport).
“HBL (House Bill of Lading)” means document contract issued and signed by Freight Forwarder.

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12 DELAY, CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS, ETC.
(1) Arrival times are not guaranteed by the Carrier. If the Carrier is held liable in respect of delay, consequential loss or damage other than loss of or damage to the Goods, the liability of the Carrier shall be limited to double the freight for the transport covered by this Bill of Lading, or the value of the Goods as determined in Clause 11 whichever is the less.
(2) If at any time the carriage is or is likely to be affected by any hindrance, risk, delay, difficulty or disadvantage of any kind (including the condition of the Goods), whensoever and wheresoever arising (whether or not the carriage has commenced) the Carrier may:
(a) without notice to the Merchant abandon the carriage of the Goods and where reasonably possible place the Goods or any part of them at the Merchant’s disposal at any place which the Carrier may deem safe and convenient, whereupon the responsibility of the Carrier in respect of such Goods shall cease.
(b) without prejudice to the Carrier’s rights subsequently to abandon the Carriage under (a) above, continue the carriage. In any event the Carrier shall be entitled to full charges on Goods received for carriage and the Merchant shall pay any additional costs resulting from the above mentioned circumstances.
(3) The liability of the Carrier in respect of the Goods shall cease on the delivery or other disposition of the Goods in accordance with the orders or recommendations given by any Government or Authority or any person acting or purporting to act as or on behalf of such Government or Authority.

13 DEFENCES
The defences and limits of liability provided for in these Conditions shall apply in any actions against the Carrier for loss of or damage or delay to the Goods whether the action be founded in contract or in tort.

14 LIABILITY OF OTHER PERSONS (continue reading…)

‘Merchant’ means and includes the Shipper, the Consignor, the Holder of this Bill of Lading, the Receiver and the Owner of the Goods.
‘Carrier’ means the issuer of this Bill of Lading as ,named on the face of it.
‘Hague Rules’ means the provisions of the International Convention for Unification of certain Rules relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brusselson 25th August 1924.
‘hague-visby rules’ means the Hague Rules as amended by the Protocol signed at Brussels on 23rd February 1968.
‘COGSA 1971′ means the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 of the United Kingdom.
‘MSA 1947 (13)’ means Section 13 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1947 of the Republic of Ireland.
‘HVR-NCC’ means the Hague-Visby Rules as incorporated in the Netherlands Civil Code.
‘SDR’S’ means Special Drawing Rights as defined by the International Monetary Fund.
‘Container’ includes any type of Container, Trailer, Flat or Unit Load Device.
‘Person’ includes an individual, a firm and a body corporate.

CONDITIONS

1 APPLICABILITY
The provisions setout and referred to in this document shall apply if the transport as described on the face of the Bill of Lading is Port to Port orCombined Transport.

2 CARRIER’S TARIFF
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